Nuclear

[|our final project]
 * Student Groups**


 * **Student Names** || **Wikispaces Usernames** || ** Responsible for Researching This: ** ||
 * *Weston S. || TheEagle18 || Oil ||
 * Arnez S. || arnezs || Coal ||
 * Bawibik T. || bawibik17 ||  ||
 * Shawn G. || s_giffin5 || Natural Gas ||
 * Kylee H. || KyleeRenee || Solar ||
 * *Roxana P. || sparkly.roxana14 || Geothermal ||
 * Ronay S. || r_stevens || Hydroelectricity ||
 * Tayla C. || t.caldwell || Tidal ||
 * Caleb S. || c-stowe ||  ||
 * Joel R. || joel.smith247 || Hydrogen ||
 * Alex E. ||  ||   ||
 * Resources:**
 * Nuclear Rebuttal link**


 * Victoria Barq of the Nuclear Energy Institute in Washington D.C. will be skyping with you next week for a question/answer session. Please be ready with questions for her. She sent an email with the following resources that she recommends for you to read:**

· Our Missouri fact sheet: [] · Video: “The Design and Safe Operation of a Nuclear Reactor” - [] · Interactive graphic: “Just the Facts About Nuclear Energy” - [] · Fact Sheet: “Quick Facts: Nuclear Energy in America” - [] · Web page: “Myths & Facts About Nuclear Energy” - [] · Game: “Test Your Nuclear Energy IQ Quiz” - []

http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.html || Fueled by Uranium ||  || http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.html ||  ||   || http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.html ||  ||   ||   || http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.html ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Advantages of Nuclear Energy Sources || Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy Sources || Other Facts about Nuclear Energy || Questions About Nuclear Energy ||
 * Huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel || One possible type of reactor disaster is known as a **meltdown**. In such an accident, the fission reaction goes out of control, leading to a nuclear explosion and the emission of great amounts of radiation. I got this from
 * Does not create pollution ||  ||   ||   ||
 * It is cheap ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Produces small amounts of waste || Nuclear explosions produce [|radiation]. The nuclear radiation harms the cells of the body which can make people [|sick] or even kill them. Illness can strike people years after their exposure to nuclear radiation. i got this from
 * It is a very reliable ||  ||   ||   ||
 * nuclear fission is used in space propulsion ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Nuclear energy is produced naturally and in man-made operations under human control. I got this from
 * Energy created in a nuclear reaction is called **nuclear energy**, or **atomic energy**. i got this from
 * ==Advantages of Nuclear Energy ==
 * The Earth has limited supplies of coal and oil. Nuclear power plants could still produce electricity after coal and oil become scarce.
 * Nuclear power plants need less fuel than ones which burn fossil fuels. One ton of uranium produces more energy than is produced by several million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil.
 * Coal and oil burning plants pollute the air. Well-operated nuclear power plants do not release contaminants into the environment. i got this from http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.html |||| **__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power__**
 * __That you can go on to look for about Nuclear energy__**
 * How nuclear energy works**
 * -Sometimes nuclear energy is produced**
 * naturally for example the sun and other**
 * stars make heat and light by nuclear reaction**

http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy.html
 * another palace you can get info**

Advanatage of nuclear energy
 * -The earth has limited supplies of coal and oil.they**
 * can still work electricity without coal and oil**


 * -Nuclear power plants need less fuel than ones**
 * which burn fossil fuels.One ton of uranium produces**
 * more energy than is produced by several**
 * million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil.**


 * -coal****and oil burning plants pollute the air.**
 * Well-operated nuclear power plants do not**
 * release contaminates into environment**

How they do they power plant and how it works. || http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.html ||  ||   ||   || nei.org ||  ||   ||   || \ ||  ||   ||   || http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.htmli got this from http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter13.html ||  ||   ||
 * diavantage of nuclear energy**
 * -The United States plans to move its nuclear**
 * waste to a remote underground by the year 2010**
 * -Nuclear reactors only last for about**
 * forty to fifty years.**
 * -** || [[image:http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQS71ashgws_2N40TIfYnIR1WV0Xmlh9Nv53ZS1qgE1ZnDhX5bmPw height="98" align="center"]]
 * Changes can occur in the structure of the nuclei of atoms. These changes are called **nuclear reactions**. Energy created in a nuclear reaction is called **nuclear energy**, or **atomic energy**. I got this from
 * http://www.nei.org/ ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Can be naturally (sun, stars creating heat and light) or man (reactors, power plants providing electricity) made. || **when they become scarce.** ||  ||   ||
 * ==Advantages of nuclear power generation:==
 * Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.
 * This technology is readily available, it does not have to be developed first.
 * It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant. || ==Disadvantages of nuclear power generation:==
 * The problem of radioactive waste is still an unsolved one. The waste from nuclear energy is extremely dangerous and it has to be carefully looked after for several thousand years (10'000 years according to United States Environmental Protection Agency standards).
 * High risks: Despite a generally high security standard, accidents can still happen. It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100% security. A small probability of failure will always last. The consequences of an accident would be absolutely devastating both for human being as for the nature (see here, here or here ). The more nuclear power plants (and nuclear waste storage shelters) are built, the higher is the probability of a disastrous failure somewhere in the world.
 * Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could be preferred targets for terrorist attacks. No atomic energy plant in the world could withstand an attack similar to 9/11 in New York. Such a terrorist act would have catastrophic effects for the whole world.
 * During the operation of nuclear power plants, radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be used for the production of nuclear weapons. In addition, the same know-how used to design nuclear power plants can to a certain extent be used to build nuclear weapons (nuclear proliferation).
 * The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand.
 * The time frame needed for formalities, planning and building of a new nuclear power generation plant is in the range of 20 to 30 years in the western democracies. In other words: It is an illusion to build new nuclear power plants in a short time. ||  ||   ||
 * http://timeforchange.org/pros-and-cons-of-nuclear-power-and-sustainability
 * The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand.
 * The time frame needed for formalities, planning and building of a new nuclear power generation plant is in the range of 20 to 30 years in the western democracies. In other words: It is an illusion to build new nuclear power plants in a short time. ||  ||   ||
 * http://timeforchange.org/pros-and-cons-of-nuclear-power-and-sustainability
 * http://timeforchange.org/pros-and-cons-of-nuclear-power-and-sustainability
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power
 * # There are 104 commercial nuclear power plants producing 20 percent of all electricity and over 70 percent of the emission-free electricity generated in the United States. They are located at 64 sites in 31 states.
 * 1) More than 400 nuclear power plants worldwide produce 16 percent of the world’s electricity—while reducing CO2 emissions by more than 2 billion metric tons per year.
 * 2) Nuclear energy supplies electricity each year to serve 60 million homes.
 * 3) Nuclear energy has one of the lowest environmental impacts of any electricity source. For example, a wind farm would need 235 square miles to produce the same amount of electricity as a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant.
 * 4) Nuclear energy is by far the nation’s largest source of electricity that does not emit any controlled air pollutants, providing 73 percent of the electricity from all carbon-free sources, including hydroelectric, wind and solar.
 * 5) Nuclear power plants provide low-cost, predictable power at stable prices and are essential in maintaining the reliability of the U.S. electric power system.
 * 6) Nuclear power plants are able to produce abundant and low cost energy source because they use an enriched form of uranium for fuel. One uranium fuel pellet — the size of the tip of your little finger — is equivalent to 17,000 cubic feet of natural gas, 1,780 pounds of coal, or 149 gallons of oil.
 * 7) The economic activity of a U.S. nuclear plant generates on average around $20 million in state and local tax revenues.
 * 8) You would have to live near a nuclear power plant for over 2,000 years to get the same amount of radiation exposure that you get from a single diagnostic medical x-ray.
 * 9) There are nearly 100 different nuclear medicine imaging procedures available today. An estimated 10 to 12 million nuclear medicine imaging and therapeutic procedures are performed each year in the United States. || [[image:http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/fission_critical.gif width="600" height="136" align="ABSMIDDLE" caption="Fission Diagram"]]I got this from
 * http://casenergy.org/nuclear-energy/casenergy-classroom/top-10-facts-about-nuclear-energy/

Nuclear energy is one of the few bright spots in the U.S. economy because it creates more high-paying jobs than other sources of electricity and helps stimulate the economy. On average, a nuclear power plant creates 1,400-1,800 high-paying jobs during construction, with peak employment estimated as high as 3,500 jobs during that period, and yields 400-700 jobs during the operation of the plant. Additionally, the average nuclear plant generates approximately $430 million a year in total output for the local community and nearly $40 million per year in total labor income. -arnez stillman [|http://www.nei.org/filefolder/Missouri_Fact_Sheet.pdf] || media type="youtube" key="qe7mbv7v9Zg" height="315" width="420"this video is about nuclear fision ||  ||   ||
 * nuclear energy is the main source of power in Japan. ||  ||   ||   ||
 * http://www.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-power.htm

The nuclear power plant stands on the border between humanity's greatest hopes and its deepest fears for the future. On one hand, atomic energy offers a [|clean energy] alternative that frees us from the shackles of fossil fuel dependence. On the other, it summons images of disaster: quake-ruptured [|Japanese power plants] belching radioactive steam, the dead zone surrounding Chernobyl's concrete sarcophagus. But what happens inside a nuclear power plant to bring such marvel and misery into being? Imagine following a volt of electricity back through the wall socket, all the way through miles of power lines to the [|nuclear reactor] that generated it. You'd encounter the generator that produces the spark and the turbine that turns it. Next, you'd find the jet of steam that turns the turbine and finally the radioactive uranium bundle that heats water into steam. Welcome to the nuclear reactor core. The water in the reactor also serves as a coolant for the radioactive material, preventing it from overheating and melting down. In March 2011, viewers around the world became well acquainted with this reality as Japanese citizens fled by the tens of thousands from the area surrounding the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear facility after the most powerful [|earthquake] on record and the ensuing tsunami inflicted serious damage on the plant and several of its reactor units. Among other events, water drained from the reactor core, which in turn made it impossible to control core temperatures. This resulted in overheating and a partial nuclear meltdown [source: [|NPR] ]. As of March 1, 2011, there were 443 operating nuclear power reactors spread across the planet in 47 different countries [source: [|WNA] ]. In 2009 alone, atomic energy accounted for 14 percent of the world's electrical production. Break that down to the individual country and the percentage skyrockets as high as 76.2 percent for Lithuania and 75.2 for France [source: [|NEI] ]. In the United States, 104 nuclear power plants supply 20 percent of the [|electricity] overall, with some states benefiting more than others. In this article, we'll look at just how a nuclear reactor functions inside a power plant, as well as the atomic reaction that releases all that crucial heat. || ||   ||   || http://www.ehow.com/about_4579290_nuclear-energy-renewable-nonrenewable.html ||   ||   ||   || This graph illustrates the potential rise in CO 2 emissions if base-load electricity currently produced in the U.S. by nuclear power were replaced by coal or natural gas as current reactors go offline after their 60 year licenses expire. Note: graph assumes all 104 American nuclear power plants receive license extensions out to 60 years. media type="youtube" key="pXd4NGO8W6o" height="312" width="413" []http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki media type="youtube" key="VJfIbBDR3e8" height="315" width="560" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJfIbBDR3e8&feature=related
 * http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/nuclear.htm || media type="youtube" key="BdbitRlbLDc" height="315" width="560" ||  ||   ||
 * media type="youtube" key="cvF6qQasMfg" height="315" width="560"media type="youtube" key="x2ZTt8O__zk" height="315" width="420"media type="youtube" key="SJEg_ujcoLA" height="315" width="420" ||  ||   ||   ||
 * 1 pellet of Nuclear energy is equal to 7 tons of coal energy ||  ||   ||   ||
 * High oil prices and concern over global warming have renewed interest in nuclear energy, which, as a means of generating commercial electricity, had been moribund in the United States since the 1970s. About 15 percent of the world's electricity comes from nuclear power. Some countries, such as France and Japan, are heavily dependent upon it. Nuclear energy is even being marketed as an environmentally friendly source of renewable energy. Unfortunately, that claim is only half right.
 * High oil prices and concern over global warming have renewed interest in nuclear energy, which, as a means of generating commercial electricity, had been moribund in the United States since the 1970s. About 15 percent of the world's electricity comes from nuclear power. Some countries, such as France and Japan, are heavily dependent upon it. Nuclear energy is even being marketed as an environmentally friendly source of renewable energy. Unfortunately, that claim is only half right.
 * media type="youtube" key="LTnfXLws40Q" height="315" width="420"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTnfXLws40Q&feature=related || [[image:Nuclear_Power_Plant.jpg width="364" height="179" caption="http://www.google.com/imgres?q=nuclear+energy&num=10&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1280&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=WtC6Zhde0KAmSM:&imgrefurl=http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php%3Fpostnum%3D3115&docid=MhgAtydfIfI1AM&imgurl=http://www.freeinfosociety.com/images/science/nuclearenergy1.jpg&w=612&h=299&ei=5twmT7XkDO6fsQKR8umMAg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=146&vpy=159&dur=312&hovh=157&hovw=321&tx=208&ty=94&sig=114536945375434768655&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=84&tbnw=172&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0"]] ||  ||   ||
 * || http://www.whatisnuclear.com/articles/nucreactor.html ||  ||   ||
 * || arnez ||  ||   ||
 * || http://emilms.fema.gov/IS3/FEMA_IS/is03/REM0403010.htm ||  ||   ||

This picture is from http://www.cpepweb.org/images/nuclear-energy.jpghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEYglvzyito media type="youtube" key="OOf-tIj-JQU" height="315" width="420"arnez