Hydrogen

=@Disadvantages of other energy types= =CHECK THIS OUT~Article found by Mrs. Johnson=

= = =OKAY EVERYONE GO TO THIS PAGE TO POST WHAT YOU THINK WE SHOULD USE AS PART OF OUR FINAL PROJECT. HERE=

__** Here is our group's final project for the rebuttal. **__ media type="youtube" key="sy44w2t8h-Q" height="315" width="560"

Hydrogen content for this section provided in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Department of Energy. [|The Pros and Cons of Hydrogen] This shows the Pros and Cons of using Hydrogen as a main energy source |||||||||| Hydrogen has three basic benefits that address these concerns. media type="youtube" key="mr2_XqRZjn0" height="315" width="420" Im doing disadvantages of COAL. || **[|Hydrogen Production] This is a good web site that i was looking at and answers many of the questions on the Resource Page.**
 * Student Groups**
 * **Student Names** || **Wikispaces Usernames** || ** Responsible for Researching This: ** ||
 * Miranda J || miranda.13 || hydrogen: a colorless odorless high flammable gas the chemical element of the atomic number one
 * [|is hydrogen a renewable energy source?] This site shows you how we get hydrogen.**
 * 1) **The use of hydrogen greatly reduces pollution.** When hydrogen is combined with oxygen in a fuel cell, energy in the form of electricity is produced. This electricity can be used to power vehicles, as a heat source and for many other uses. The advantage of using hydrogen as an energy carrier is that when it combines with oxygen the only byproducts are water and heat. No greenhouse gasses or other particulates are produced by the use of hydrogen fuel cells.
 * 2) **Hydrogen can be produced locally from numerous sources.** Hydrogen can be produced either centrally, and then distributed, or onsite where it will be used. Hydrogen gas can be produced from methane, gasoline, biomass, coal or water. Each of these sources brings with it different amounts of pollution, technical challenges, and energy requirements.
 * 3) **If hydrogen is produced from water we have a sustainable production system** . Electrolysis is the method of separating water into hydrogen and oxygen. Renewable energy can be used to power electrolyzers to produce the hydrogen from water. Using renewable energy provides a sustainable system that is independent of petroleum products and is nonpolluting. Some of the renewable sources used to power electrolyzers are wind, hydro, solar and tidal energy. After the hydrogen is produced in an electrolyzer it can be used in a fuel cell to produce electricity. The by products of the fuel cell process are water and heat. If fuel cells operate at high temperatures the system can be set up as a co-generator, with the waste energy used for heating.
 * 4) i got this passage from this website [] ||   ||   ||
 * Maggie L || maggie.044
 * Maggie L || maggie.044
 * hydrogen uses-**

Great quantities are used for the fixation of nitrogen from the air in the Haber ammonia process. Hydrogen is use in welding, for the hydrogenation of fats and oils, in methanol production, in hydrodealkylation, hydrocracking, and hydrodesulfurization. Other applications include producing rocket fuel, filling balloons, making fuel cells, producing hydrochloric acid, and reducing metallic ores.

**Hydrogen Sources:** Hydrogen occurs in the free state in volcanic gases and some natural gases. Hydrogen is prepared by steam on heated carbon, decomposition of certain hydrocarbons with heat, action of sodium or potassium hydroxide on aluminum electrolysis of water, or displacement from acids by certain metals. this is all from [] [] this is 10 basic facts about hydrogen media type="youtube" key="fE7U-OtSPhs" height="315" width="560" this tells what hydrogen is.

About the picture: Lewis dot structures can also be used to show the bonded atoms in a molecule. The two dots together between the Hydrogens represent the electrons in the covalent bond between the hydrogen atoms. The line is a short-hand version of the two dots.

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This is a website that tells very clearly the advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel. This picture shows how hydrogen is collected.
 * Keigan Slade ||  ||   ||
 * Keith Roderick ||  || http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_using_hydrogen_as_a_fuel

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4912580_how-hydrogen-collected.html This site tells how hydrogen is collected and how much work it takes to get obtain hydrogen

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_bad_things_about_coal This site tells the disadvantages about coal like it is harmful for the environment.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_hydrogen_renewable This website told me that hydrogen can be renewable if the fossil fuels we use to produce it are renewable.

http://mb-soft.com/public2/hydrogen.html This site told me how for every pound of hydrogen collected 9 pounds of carbon dioxide is produced. It also told me that the process of collecting hydrogen is cheap.

 Advantages of Hydrogen Fuel by energysavingtips9 This is a video of how hydrogen is used in cars. ||
 * Daric Bass || daric24

I have Coal disadvantages... (MAGGIE FIND A NEW ONE)

Sorry Daric, i have it because im in 1st hour, sorry find a new one. || Here are basic facts about the first element in the periodic table, [|hydrogen] .# Atomic Number: 1 > Hydrogen is the first element in the [|periodic table], meaning it has an atomic number of 1 or 1 proton in each hydrogen atom. > This makes hydrogen the lightest element.
 * 1) Atomic Weight: 1.00794
 * 1) Hydrogen is the most abundant element. About 75% of the element mass of the universe is hydrogen.
 * 2) The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium, which has 1 proton and 0 neutrons.
 * 3) Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable. It is used as a fuel by the space shuttle main engine and was associated with the famous explosion of the Hindenburg airship.
 * 4) Hydrogen compounds commonly are called hydrides.
 * 5) Hydrogen may be produced by reacting metals with acids (e.g., zinc with hydrochloric acid).
 * 6) The physical form of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure is a colorless and odorless gas.
 * 7) Hydrogen has many uses, though most hydrogen is used for processing fossil fuels and in the production of ammonia.
 * 8) In compounds, hydrogen can take a negative charge (H - ) or a positive charge (H + ).

@http://www.siei.org/hydrogensafety.html Ever since the Hindenburg blew up hydrogen has had a bad rap. But hydrogen did not cause that disaster- the coating on the canvas shell was highly flammable, kin to rocket fuel, and a static charge set it alight (most of the passengers survived, and those that died jumped prematurely, or suffered diesel fuel burns). Hydrogen has its little ways, and safety precautions are of course vital, just as they are for gasoline or propane. It is no more intrinsically dangerous. The advantage of dealing with hydrogen is that unfamiliarity encourages appropriate caution, as opposed to the casual attitude with which we sometimes handle, say, gasoline. The disadvantage is that we are scared away from hydrogen when we shouldn't be. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">Hydrogen is highly flammable (2H2 + O2 → 2H2O). It can ignite in combination with as little as 23% air (≈5% oxygen). By comparison, propane needs a mix of almost 90% air to ignite. This means that even small amounts of air in lines or storage tanks are potentially dangerous. In addition, the friction caused by high pressure gas passing through a narrow valve could theoretically create enough heat to ignite hydrogen. Therefore, it is vital that no air be in lines or storage tanks used for hydrogen. This comes down to the simple matter of purging with nitrogen

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Hydrogen is used in various fields of everyday life. It is used in the preparation of ammonia, [|heating oil] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, rocket fuel and methanol. It is also used in making lubricants, soaps, cleaners, cosmetics and vitamins etc. It is also used in the internal combustion engines of [|vehicles] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. Hydrogen has also replaced natural gas for heating and cooling purposes. It is used in existing wind and hydroelectric plants for storing [|energy] Disadvantages of coal are pollution. It can pollute the air harming the environment. || i found out that hydrogen can be used in bombs and this is a video of how the bombs work. i also found out that a hydrogen atom only has 1 protron and 1 electron. most hydrogen atoms are fussed together with oxygen and creates an <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; display: block; font-family: Arial,Verdana,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">H2O atom this is the link I used to find my information from [] || Element category is nonmetal. Phase: Gas Crystal Structure: Hexagonal It is represented by the letter H. Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universes chemical element mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. Site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen
 * *Eyram Kpenu ||  || all-about-hydrogen this is a page i made with all the info i could find on hydrogen. ||
 * Justin Davies || justind250 || media type="youtube" key="AQAVX5FZs5w" height="315" width="420"
 * *Kristen H || kristen.hagen || Hydrogen is the chemical element with the atomic number 1.

History: Scientist had actually been using Hydrogen a couple years before they even knew what the element was. Hydrogen was first recognized as a distinct element by Henry Cavendish in 1766. Hydrogen has three common [|isotopes]. The simplest isotope, called protium, is just ordinary hydrogen. The second, a stable isotope called [|deuterium], was discovered in 1932. The third isotope, [|tritium], was discovered in 1934. Site: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele001.html

media type="youtube" key="LGwyBeuVjhU" height="315" width="420" media type="youtube" key="7Om56BAxJJ4" height="315" width="420" If you watch the videos, there should be related videos after the video that are good Hydrogen videos too!!!! Hydrogen is a commercially important element. Large amounts of hydrogen are combined with [|nitrogen] from the air to produce ammonia (NH 3 ) through a process called the Haber process. Hydrogen is also added to fats and oils, such as peanut oil, through a process called hydrogenation. Liquid hydrogen is used in the study of superconductors and, when combined with liquid [|oxygen], makes an excellent rocket fuel. http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele001.html ||
 * Annonda Wilkins ||  || ====Hydrogen is the lightest of the elements with an atomic weight of 1.0. Liquid hydrogen has a density of 0.07 grams. It is highly flammable and is considered nature's natural gas. Many people believe that hydrogen could be the next best source of energy.====

Hydrogen can be used as a motor fuel, whereas neither nuclear nor solar energy can be used directly.
|| Hydrogen is a chemical element.
 * Hannah Steeby ||  || A colorless, highly flammable gaseous element, the lightest of all gases and the most abundant element in the universe, used in the production of synthetic ammonia and methanol, in petroleum refining, in the hydrogenation of organic materials, as a reducing atmosphere, in oxyhydrogen torches, and in rocket fuels.

The most common [|isotope] of hydrogen is [|protium] (name rarely used, symbol 1H) with a single [|proton] and no [|neutrons]. In [|ionic compounds] it can take a negative charge (an [|anion] known as a [|hydride] and written as H−), or as a positively charged [|species] H+. Hydrogen gas (now known to be H2) was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with strong acids. In 1766–81, [|Henry Cavendish] was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, [|[6]] and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name, which in Greek means "water-former." At [|standard temperature and pressure], hydrogen is a [|colorless] , [|odorless] , [|nonmetallic] , [|tasteless] , non-toxic, highly [|combustible] [|diatomic] [|gas] with the [|molecular formula] H2. http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele001.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen http://www.chemicool.com/elements/hydrogen.html http://www.google.com/imgres?q=hydrogen&hl=en&safe=active&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=609&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=ehueki2I8M04zM:&imgrefurl=http://www.lanereport.com/articles/fastlane_article.cfm%3Fid%3D683&docid=xMrdXX4LZPwCYM&imgurl=http://www.lanereport.com/images/bizbuzz/SingeHydrogenAtom.jpg&w=397&h=397&ei=QPMiT--IJoapsQK2sfWgCQ&zoom=1// //http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/h.html// //[|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX6CnNc3CFU]// http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/h.htm http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/h.htm Composed of a single [|proton] and a single [|electron], hydrogen is the simplest and [|most abundant element in the universe]. It is estimated that 90% of the visible universe is composed of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the raw fuel that most stars 'burn' to produce energy. The same process, known as fusion, is being studied as a possible power source for use on earth. The sun's supply of hydrogen is expected to last another 5 billion years. Hydrogen is a commercially important element. Large amounts of hydrogen are combined with [|nitrogen] from the air to produce ammonia (NH 3 ) through a process called the Haber process. Hydrogen is also added to fats and oils, such as peanut oil, through a process called hydrogenation. Liquid hydrogen is used in the study of superconductors and, when combined with liquid [|oxygen], makes an excellent rocket fuel. Hydrogen combines with other elements to form numerous compounds. Some of the common ones are: water (H 2 O), ammonia (NH 3 ), methane (CH 4 ), table sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). ADVANTAGES: Hydrogen in the sun fuses to produce heat and light so plants may grow and our planet warm enough to sustain life as we know it. It is part of any organic compounds that make up our bodies and the food we eat. It is part of the water we drink, bathe, and for fishes to swim in. It is in the fuels we use to make our cars run and heat (at least some) of the houses we live in. Hydrogen is in our tears of sadness and our tears of joy. Hydrogen is the most common element in our entire universe. ||
 * Makiah Buckley ||  || A colorless, highly flammable gaseous element, the lightest of all gases and the most abundant element in the universe, used in the production of synthetic ammonia and methanol, in petroleum refining, in the hydrogenation of organic materials, as a reducing atmosphere, in oxyhydrogen torches, and in rocket fuels. Atomic number 1; atomic weight 1.00794; melting point -259.14°C; boiling point -252.8°C; density at 0°C 0.08987 gram per liter; valence 1.

http://www.webelements.com/hydrogen/ - <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,'Lucida Grande',Lucida,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">Brief description: hydrogen is the lightest element. It is by far the most abundant element in the universe and makes up about about 90% of the universe by weight. http://www.information-and-facts.com/what-is-hydrogen - <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #555555; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">In almost all of the things that we do every day, we consume hydrogen. This flammable gas is present in nature and so abundant that it must be used properly. Hydrogen with the H symbol it is the first element listed in the periodic table of elements. ||  ||
 * Resources:**
 * Resources:**

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 * How a Fuel Cell Works:**

Check this news article out: New Process is Promising for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars By Science Daily

here is everything i found about hydrogen __**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">by keigan slade **__

__**i got this stuff thanks to my link**__ __**http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen**//__

It is represented by the [|symbol] **H**. With an average [|atomic weight] of 1.00794 [|u] (1.007825 [|u] for [|hydrogen-1] ), hydrogen is the lightest and [|most abundant] chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. [|[5]] [|Stars] in the [|main sequence] are mainly composed of hydrogen in its [|plasma] state. Naturally occurring elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth.

The most common [|isotope] of hydrogen is [|protium] (name rarely used, symbol 1H) with a single [|proton] and no [|neutrons]. In [|ionic compounds] it can take a negative charge (an [|anion] known as a [|hydride] and written as H−), or as a positively charged [|species] H+. The latter [|cation] is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in [|ionic compounds] always occur as more complex species. Hydrogen forms compounds with most elements and is present in water and most [|organic compounds]. It plays a particularly important role in [|acid-base chemistry] with many reactions exchanging protons between soluble molecules. As the simplest atom known, the [|hydrogen atom] has been of theoretical use. For example, as the only neutral atom with an analytic solution to the [|Schrödinger equation], the study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom played a key role in the development of [|quantum mechanics]. ||

Spectral lines of hydrogen || 0.08988 g/L || (amphoteric oxide) ||
 * ~ Appearance ||
 * = Colorless gas with purple glow in its plasma state
 * = Colorless gas with purple glow in its plasma state
 * ~ General properties ||
 * ~ Name, [|symbol], [|number] || hydrogen, H, 1 ||
 * ~ Pronunciation || [|/][|ˈ][|h][|aɪ][|d][|r][|ɵ][|dʒ][|ɨ][|n][|/]  [|[1]]  [|//**hye**-dro-jin//]  ||
 * ~ [|Element category] || [|nonmetal] ||
 * ~ [|Group], [|period] , [|block] || [|1] , [|1] , [|s] ||
 * ~ [|Standard atomic weight] || 1.00794(7) ||
 * ~ [|Electron configuration] || 1s1 ||
 * ~ Electrons per [|shell] || 1 ( [|Image] ) ||
 * ~ Physical properties ||
 * ~ Color || colorless ||
 * ~ [|Phase] || [|gas] ||
 * ~ [|Density] || (0 °C, 101.325 [|kPa] )
 * ~ Liquid [|density] at [|m.p.] || 0.07 (0.0763 solid) [|[2]] g·cm−3 ||
 * ~ Liquid [|density] at [|b.p.] || 0.07099 g·cm−3 ||
 * ~ [|Melting point] || 14.01 [|K] , -259.14 °C, -434.45 °F ||
 * ~ [|Boiling point] || 20.28 K, -252.87 °C, -423.17 °F ||
 * ~ [|Triple point] || 13.8033 K (-259°C), 7.042 kPa ||
 * ~ [|Critical point] || 32.97 K, 1.293 MPa ||
 * ~ [|Heat of fusion] || (H2) 0.117 [|kJ·mol−1] ||
 * ~ [|Heat of vaporization] || (H2) 0.904 kJ·mol−1 ||
 * ~ [|Molar heat capacity] || (H2) 28.836 J·mol−1·K−1 ||
 * ~ [|Vapor pressure] ||
 * || P (Pa) || 1 || 10 || 100 || 1 k || 10 k || 100 k ||
 * at T (K) ||  ||   ||   ||   || 15 || 20 ||   ||
 * ~ Atomic properties ||
 * ~ [|Oxidation states] || 1, -1
 * ~ [|Electronegativity] || 2.20 (Pauling scale) ||
 * ~ [|Ionization energies] || 1st: 1312.0 kJ·mol−1 ||
 * ~ [|Covalent radius] || 31±5 pm ||
 * ~ [|Van der Waals radius] || 120 pm ||
 * ~ Miscellanea ||
 * ~ [|Crystal structure] || hexagonal ||
 * ~ [|Magnetic ordering] || [|diamagnetic][|[3]] ||
 * ~ [|Thermal conductivity] || 0.1805 W·m−1·K−1 ||
 * ~ [|Speed of sound] || (gas, 27 °C) 1310 [|m·s−1] ||
 * ~ [|CAS registry number] || 1333-74-0 ||
 * ~ Most stable isotopes ||
 * = Main article: [|Isotopes of hydrogen] ||
 * ||~ [|iso] ||~ [|NA] ||~ [|half-life] ||~ [|DM] ||~ [|DE] ( [|MeV] ) ||~ [|DP] ||
 * [|1H] || 99.985% |||||||| 1H is [|stable] with 0 [|neutrons] ||
 * [|2H] || 0.015% |||||||| 2H is [|stable] with 1 [|neutron] ||
 * [|3H] || [|trace] || 12.32 [|y] || [|β−] || 0.01861 || 3 [|He] ||  ||

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