Wind+Rebuttal+Page

?? By you name means that we don't see your research on this page. * Means that you have completed your rebuttal (you have nothing to worry about). Alle's rebuttal: Right now tides do not produce a lot of electricity so its not very efficient. Barrages across river estuaries can change the flow of the water, and because of that it is the place for birds and other wildlife to live, because of this, there are some wildlife that could be in danger. [|Tidal energy]
 * Student Name || What you are going to rebuttal against ||
 * Brent Chivington || Geothermal ?? ||
 * *Noelia DePietro || Biomass * ||
 * Lily Rzepkowski || coal * ||
 * Kim B. || Oil * ||
 * Kelsey White || Nuclear * ||
 * Dalton Hay || Hydrogen * ||
 * *Gabe Dunn || Natural Gas * ||
 * Audrey Gibbs || Waves * ||
 * Ann V || Hydroelectricity * ||
 * Katie Frazee || nuclear * ||
 * Alle Moore || Tidal * ||
 * Bailey Bosch || Solar ?? ||

Noelia's rebuttal: 3. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown 4. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods. 5. Land used for energy crops maybe in demand for other purposes, such as farming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use. 6. Some Biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited. 7. Is in some cases is a major cause of pollution. Sources: http://science134.tripod.com/id9.html and http://www.alternative-energy-resources.net/biomass-energy-disadvantages.html
 * 1. Biomass produces greenhouse emissions.** The biggest argument against biomass is that it produces carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
 * 2. It takes more energy** to plant ,cultivate and harvest the crops and trees than it is worth to get a net energy gain. It also takes up more water from the earth and other fossil fuels to make the fertilizers and fuels for planting and harvesting. it also, supposedly, takes up more land for the crops and trees.

Lily's Rebuttal:

The **environmental impact of the coal industry** is widespread. There are severe health effects and other environmental effects of coal burning especially in [|power stations]. Coal-fired power plant emissions are estimated to shorten nearly 24,000 lives a year in the United States, including 2,800 from [|lung cancer]. In addition to deadly atmospheric pollution, coal burning produces hundreds of millions of tons of solid waste products annually, including [|fly ash], [|bottom ash] , and [|flue-gas desulfurization] sludge, that contain [|mercury] , [|uranium] , [|thorium] , [|arsenic] , and other [|heavy metals]. [|Coal mining] generates significant additionally independent adverse environmental health impacts, among them the water pollution flowing from [|mountaintop removal mining]. Coal is not good for the environment because it gives out pollution and is non-renewable, so it takes a lot of money, time, and energy to make more coal. Also, it is very bad for people and their health problems, so how can coal fix those kids of problems?

from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry

Also, coal gives out pollution creating more heart attacks and other impacts. Coal gives out a lot of pollution from the power plants which is not good at all.

Gabriel's Rebuttal: Natural gas is a non-renewable resource. Natural Gas extraction leaves large holes in the earth Natural gas is extremely volatile Natural gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless and because of that it has carbon monoxide added to it Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous natural gas use is the number one cause of carbon monoxide poisoning. Gas pipelines are very costly Maintenance of pipes is very costly -Info found [|here]

Ann's Rebutal http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/rockwater/Upload%20this%20doc--dams%20and%20hydropower%20report/pros%20and%20cons.html http://www.howtopowertheworld.com/disadvantages-of-hydroelectric-energy.shtml http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/7729.aspx http://historical.whatitcosts.com/facts-hoover-dam.htm
 * Has to flood out valleys and farm land.
 * Destroys natural season changes and ecosystems can be destroyed
 * causes rivers to clog because the rivers can't flood
 * very very expensive!!!
 * A dam built in Quebec will end up flooding a place as big as Switzerland
 * Dams can break resulting in flash floods
 * has the highest death rate due to small dams breaking taking a lot of lives.
 * Kills fish because they get stuck in the turbines
 * affects mating season for sea life
 * some animals will not get their usual meals of fish
 * has to cut down trees to build a dam that animals depend on to survive.
 * Costs from $50 million in 1931 dollars to $690 million in 2008 dollars

kelsey: Most of the disadvantages with nuclear energy has to do with the inherent properties of nuclear fission. The energy and byproducts released by nuclear fission are health hazards--either because of being extremely hot, due to the highly energetic release of heat during nuclear fission, or because of the destructive effects of radiation poisoning.

Other disadvantages tend to be industrial in nature. Not only does nuclear power come with an extremely high initial expense, but the storage of waste products remains a difficult and controversial problem.

Read more: [|The Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy | eHow.com] [|http://www.ehow.com/about_4578885_disadvantages-nuclear-energy.html#ixzz1lEzHPxZo]


 * // Disadvantages: //**
 * Nuclear plants are more expensive to build and maintain.
 * Proliferation concerns - breeder reactors yield products that could potentially be stolen and turned into an atomic weapon.
 * Waste products are dangerous and need to be carefully stored for long periods of time. The spent fuel is highly radioactive and has to be carefully stored for many years or decades after use. This adds to the costs. There is presently no adequate safe long-term storage for radioactive and chemical waste produced from early reactors, such as those in Hanford, Washington, some of which will need to be safely sealed and stored for //thousands// of years.
 * Early nuclear research and experimentation has created massive contamination problems that are still uncontained. Recently, for instance, underground contamination emanating from the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington State in the U.S. was discovered and threatens to contaminate the Columbia River (the largest river in North America west of the continental divide).
 * A lot of waste from early reactors was stored in containers meant for only a few decades, but is well past expiration and, resultingly, leaks are furthering contamination.
 * Nuclear power plants can be dangerous to its surroundings and employees. It would cost a lot to clean in case of spillages.
 * There exist safety concerns if the plant is not operated correctly or conditions arise that were unforeseen when the plant was developed, as happened at the Fukushima plant in Japan; the core melted down following an earthquake and tsunami the plant was not designed to handle despite the world's strongest earthquake codes.
 * Many plants, including in the U.S., were designed with the assumption that "rare" events never actually occur, such as strong earthquakes on the east coast (the New Madrid quakes of the 1800s were much stronger than any east coast earthquake codes for nuclear reactors; a repeat of the New Madrid quakes would exceed the designed earthquake resiliency for nuclear reactors over a huge area due to how wide-spread rare but dangerous eastern North American earthquake effects spread), Atlantic tsunami (such as the 1755 Lisbon quake event, which sent significant tsunami that caused damage from Europe to the Caribbean) and strong hurricanes which could affect areas such as New York that are unaccustomed to them (rare, but possibly more likely with global warming)
 * Mishaps at nuclear plants can render hundreds of square miles of land uninhabitable and unsuitable for any use for years, decades or longer, and kill off entire river systems

Read more: [|http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_nuclear_power#ixzz1lF1yzfoA]

Kim's Rebuttal: Disadvantages of oil are.... []
 * its ins't a renewable resource, and it takes millions of years to form so if we fun out it would be millions of years before we could use it again.
 * When shipping oil overseas by why of ship, though rare, there can be oil spills that is harmful to birds and marine animals.
 * Burning oil created carbon dioxide, a "green house gas"
 * Oil isn't clean or efficient in use as natural gas.
 * Oil is highly toxic.
 * Oil is fast depleting.

The basic problem with coal and other carbon based fuels in not really that they release carbon-- it is that the carbon they release is not then quickly and efficiently absorbed by some other process, eliminating it from the atmosphere. We are taking unimaginably huge quantities of carbon, stored away for eons, and pouring it into the air. It will remain there for eons more, until the earth goes through more of its own balancing cycles. [] Dalton's Rebuttal: Disadvantages of Hydrogen are

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_using_hydrogen_as_a_fuel
 * Leakage of H gas will have detrimental impacts on the stratosphere.
 * Production of hydrogen gas currently relies on natural gas and electrolysis and to replace all the vehicles would require 10x as much as currently is used
 * Storage is really tough because hydrogen is such a low density gas
 * Distribution and infrastructure needs to be refurbished to cope with hydrogen, which can metals by making them brittle
 * Use in fuel cells requires catalysts, which usually require a component metal (most often platinum). Platinum is extremely rare, expensive and environmentally unsound to produce.

Audrey's Rebuttal: //**Device Breakdown**// - Strong ocean storms and salt water corrosion can damage the devices, which could increase the cost of construction to increase durability and/or cause frequent breakdowns. This especially holds true with the increased complexity of the devices.
 * Harnessing the power of it is difficult,
 * it can cost a lot of money,
 * it requires further research.

//**Marine Life Affected**// - Sea life could be harmed or have habitats disrupted or displaced by the operation of the devices or the mooring of the devices.

//**High Initial Costs**// - The high cost of device and associated power products could lengthen the payback period and be cost prohibitive based on the characteristics and size of each project.

//**Few Implemented**// - There are relatively few commercial installations as compared to other technologies, such as wind and solar farms. As such, additional difficulties implementing these devices could arise.

//**Reduced Sea Usage**// - The potentially larger footprint of ocean-dwelling device farms could reduce shipping channels and fishing and recreation areas. //**Noise**// - The movement of Attenuators or Point Absorbers or intake and movement of water in the OWC and Overtopping devices could produce a loud, constant noise. This noise is unlikely going to be significantly louder than the waves would make on their own. http://greenthefuture.com/WAVEPOWER_PROSCONS.html http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080304100455AADjxGw

The disadvantages of nuclear power include: the storage and management of dangerous high level radioactive waste; the possibility of proliferation of nuclear materials and potential terrorist applications; the high cost of building nuclear facilities and the small possibility of accidents. Of these, the most urgent is that of nuclear waste disposal. High-level nuclear waste can last for thousands of years before being safe again, so this is a major hurdle which must be overcome before nuclear power can expand. There are claims that nuclear power is simply not economical and that given the amount of time it takes to build nuclear facilities, we need another solution for the short term. ====disadvantage of using nuclear power is that the consequences of an accident are disastrous. Incidents such as Chernobyl or Three Mile Island serve as reminders of how dangerous nuclear power plants can be.==== Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the **environmental impact of wind power** is relatively minor. [|Wind power] consumes no fuel, and emits no [|air pollution], unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to the new energy produced by the plant within a few months.
 * Nuclear: Katie Frazee**
 * Disadvantages: **
 * *Nuclear energy produces radiation which consists of subatomic particles that penetrates deep inside the body and initiate cancer **
 * *After the nuclear hit in Japan, survivors gave birth to disgusting, revolting and sometimes deformed children. **
 * *if out enemies get a hold of our plants they could use it against us with the amount of pletonium that we use to make our power. **
 * *Pletonium, the biproduct of nuclear reactors, has a half life of about 10 thousand years and is therefor hard to dispose of. **
 * *Nuclear power plants are very expensive to build **
 * *Uranium is not renewable and can lead to environmental problems through the mining and processing. **