Tidal+Rebuttal

__**Email your finished clips to niki.mitchem@students.sjsd.k12.mo.us**__
 * || **What energy are you going to rebutt?** ||
 * Jordan Brewer ||  ||
 * Robert Young ||  ||
 * Niki Mitchem || Oil ||
 * Kylee Williams || Coal ||
 * Chris Jaurigue || Nuclear ||
 * Alicia Przbylski || Wave ||
 * Nick Hanlan || Wind ||
 * Tristan Meyer || Geothermal ||
 * Tyler Howery ||  ||
 * Ali Montemayor ||  ||
 * Jake Hill || Solar ||
 * Devon Morris || Biomass ||
 * **Name of Partner 1** || **Name of Partner 2** || **Subject for 20 sec clip** ||
 * Kylee Williams || Niki Mitchem || Editors ||
 * Chris Jaurigue || Alicia Przbylski || Credits ||
 * Devon Morris ||  || Energy it gives off ||
 * Jake Hill ||  || Intro ||

__//**Disadvantages of Oil**//__ Disdvantages This may add to global warming. The price of oil and gas will increase because supplies are running out and lots of people will want it Working on an oil or gas rig can be dangerous due to the risk of explosions and bad weather. http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/discovermore/advantages.pdf
 * Oil is a non-renewable energy source that takes millions of years to form and therefore once existing and any new reserves are depleted there is no way to obtain more.
 * While oil is relatively easy to transport, one of the more common transportation methods is shipping oil from port to port by ‘supertanker’ – massive purpose-built tanker ships capable of transporting enormous quantities of oil by sea. While spills are rare they are by no means unheard of and the resulting inevitably catastrophic effect on marine life, birds and coastlines is evident for many years.
 * Burning oil generates carbon dioxide, a ‘greenhouse gas’ – although to a slightly lesser extent than coal in terms of the energy extracted.
 * Oil contains sulphur which when burnt forms sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide – these compounds combine with atmospheric moisture to form sulphuric acid, leading to ‘acid rain’. This can lead to destruction of forests and the progressive erosion of rock and masonry structures, both natural and man-made. The use of low-sulphur fuels can help to reduce the impact of this.
 * Oil is neither as clean nor efficient in use as natural gas.
 * Many of the countries where oil can be found are politically unstable – around 70% of the world’s oil reserves are believed to be located in the Middle East. Developed nations with an oil-dependency have a vested interest in such countries and may seek to influence the politics of such countries to their own advantage.
 * Locating additional oil reserves is an extremely costly ongoing process with no guarantee of success.
 * While many of the products obtained from oil are hugely beneficial to mankind, many are also highly toxic.
 * http://fossil-fuel.co.uk/oil/the-disadvantages-of-oil

Used oil is difficult to recycle. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_oil_as_an_energy_source

Disadvantages of Wave Energy Waves can be big or small so you may not always be able to generate electricity.

You need to find a way of transporting the electricity from the sea onto the land.

Not many people have tried to generate electricity this way yet so the equipment is expen- sive. [|Wave]

there are several disadvantages of wave energy that should be considered. For example, waves are not one of the most constant things in nature. Although there are always some form of waves, there is a lot of variety in how powerful those waves are throughout the year, month, and even each day. This makes it hard to estimate exactly how much electricity each wave power plant can produce each day. Another thing to consider is that many sites are not suitable for wave energy plants. Locations that have strong waves on a regular basis are the best candidates for a plant, but those types of areas are limited in number. Some of the current designs of wave power plants are relatively noisy. Experts usually don't consider this a major problem though, because the ocean's waves are fairly noisy in general so they somewhat drown out the noise created by the generator. One disadvantage of wave energy is that the upfront cost is significant. Just like most other green energy sources, the vast majority of the investment is upfront, not in the maintenance or day to day operations. Because so much money is required upfront, many organizations are hesitant to invest in wave power plants. Finally, wave energy plants can be harmful to the environment. Although they aren't as intrusive as dams or tidal energy barrages, they still make a footprint on the ecosystem where they are built. This can negatively affect marine plant life and animal life for years to come. With those major advantages and disadvantages of wave energy, it's hard to say where this industry is going. On the one hand, mankind needs to develop new technology to better harness the energy the earth has naturally given us. Wind, solar, tidal, hydro, and wave energy are a few ways to generate electricity, so they are viable options. However, the environmental and economic impacts should be considered as well, as it doesn't make sense to destroy our planet's beauty just so we can live with more electricity. [|Wave]

http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/discovermore/advantages.pdf
 * Disadvantages of Coal:**

To dig up coal, we have to create mines which can be dangerous and not very nice to look at. Transporting coal by lorry and train from the mine to the power station causes pollution. Burning coal produces polluting gases like sulphur dioxide which make acid rain.

Of all energy sources, burning coal releases the most greenhouse gases which may add to global warming.

Coal is a non-renewable source and will run out in about 100 years.

Coal miners can be affected by black lung disease or pneumoconiosis and also emphysema if they breathe in too much of the coal dust. http://fossil-fuel.co.uk/coal/the-disadvantages-of-coal

http://www.energy4me.org/energy-facts/environmental-protection/environmental-impact-by-source/
 * Burning coal emits harmful waste such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphuric acids, arsenic and ash. It also emits twice as much carbon dioxide when compared with natural gas to produce the same level of heat, which increased the levels of harmful greenhouse gases emitted into the earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels now account for about 65 per cent of the extra carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.
 * The burning of coal by large-scale factories to power industry has led to acid rain in some regions
 * Coal can be cleaned and/or turned into a liquid of gas but this technology has yet to be fully developed and adds to the expense of creating fuel via coal
 * Coal mining can scar the landscape and the equipment used for mining is large and noisy which may affect local wildlife
 * Transporting coal can be problematic because it requires an extensive transportation system and can also cause additional pollution in the form of emissions from transportation vehicles such as lorries, etc
 * There are limited stocks of coal remaining – they will be entirely depleted this millennium if we continue to burn coal in the future at the same rate we are today coal can be considered as a non-renewable energy source
 * The mining industry can cause health difficulties for miners and fatalities due to the potentially dangerous nature of the work
 * Burning dirty coal can create significant pollution problems

Coal mining has the potential to harm air, water and land quality if it is not done with proper care. Acidic water may drain from abandoned mines underground, and the burning of coal causes the emission of harmful materials including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and mercury. “Clean coal” technology is being developed to remove harmful materials before they can affect the environment, and to make it more energy-efficient so less coal is burned. The coal industry also restores mined land to or prepares it for more productive uses once surface mining is done.

__**Disadvantages of Nuclear Power**__

The disadvantages of nuclear power include: the storage and management of dangerous high level radioactive waste; the possibility of proliferation of nuclear materials and potential terrorist applications; the high cost of building nuclear facilities and the small possibility of accidents.Nuclear- By: Chris Jaurigue at- [|Nuclear Disadvantages] Of these, the most urgent is that of nuclear waste disposal. High-level nuclear waste can last for thousands of years before being safe again, so this is a major hurdle which must be overcome before nuclear power can expand. There are claims that nuclear power is simply not economical and that given the amount of time it takes to build nuclear facilities, we need another solution for the short term.

//**Wind Disadvantages**//
**1.** The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all. **2.** Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy. **3.** Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car travelling at 70 mph. **4.** Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly. **5.** When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution. **6.** Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100 000 people? http://www.technologystudent.com/energy1/wind8.htm

Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy:
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Advantages_Disadvantages_GeothermalEnergy.php By Tristan Meyer
 * 1) **Not Widespread Source of Energy** : Since, this type of energy is not widely used therefore the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrance to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.
 * 2) **High Installation Costs** : To get geothermal energy, requires installation of power plants, to get steam from deep within the earth and this require huge one time investment and require to hire a certified installer and skilled staff needs to be recruited and relocated to plant location. Moreover, electricity towers, stations need to set up to move the power from geothermal plant to consumer.
 * 3) **Can Run Out Of Steam** : Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks and this may result huge loss for the companies which have invested heavily in these plants.
 * 4) **Suited To Particular Region** : It is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. For this great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.
 * 5) **May Release Harmful Gases** : Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.

Disadvantages of Biomass Energy

**1. Biomass produces greenhouse emissions.** The biggest argument against biomass is that it produces carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

**2. It takes more energy** to plant ,cultivate and harvest the crops and trees than it is worth to get a net energy gain. It also takes up more water from the earth and other fossil fuels to make the fertilizers and fuels for planting and harvesting. it also, supposedly, takes up more land for the crops and trees. [] by Devon S. Morris
 * 3.Biomass collection is difficult. ** There was a man who, in 1979, traveled from Jacksonville, Fl to Los Angeles, Ca on wood he was using in his biomass gasifier attached to a Chevy Malibu. He would travel 1 mile for every pound of wood. Not the most efficient use of fuel.
 * 4. Biomass crops not available all year. ** Corn, wheat, barley and the like are seasonal crops. They are not available all year. Trees are also a slow growing resource even though they are renewable. This would also tend to be a negative on the side of biomass fuels.

__**Disadvantages of Solar Energy**__
 * 1) The installation cost is very high.
 * 2) Large areas are needed in order to have room for everything.
 * 3) The location of the sun is very significant.
 * 4) Clouds hamper the generating process.
 * 5) These systems usually rely on the constant absorption of solar energy in particular sub atomic particles known as photons which are often deterred.
 * 6) In as much as these systems can function anywhere in the world, their efficiency is significantly reduced as the distance from the equator increases.
 * 7) It is hard to use the solar energy in places without very much sunshine.
 * 8) Another disadvantage of Solar energy is that it generates electricity only during the day time or in other words there will be no generation of electricity during night.
 * 9) To power an entire building, a large solar array is required.
 * 10) Batteries, specifically deep-cycle, lead-acid batteries, are required by solar arrays to ensure a constant supply of electricity.